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Topic 2 · Section 3

Behind-the-Wheel Practice and Driver Education (Under 18)

California has a Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) program for teenagers to ensure they receive sufficient education and practice. If you are under 18, you must meet additional requirements beyond just passing the permit test.


Driver Education

You must complete a DMV-approved driver education program before getting your permit. This can be done through:

  • A high school course, or
  • A licensed driving school

Driver education typically includes 25–30 hours of classroom or online instruction focused on driving laws and safety.

After completing the course, you’ll receive a certificate of completion (DL 387 or OL 237 form).


Driver Training

In addition to classroom education, you must complete behind-the-wheel training:

  • Minimum of 6 hours with a licensed driving instructor
  • Usually completed as three 2-hour lessons
  • After your first lesson, the instructor will sign your permit to validate it for practice with parents or guardians

Supervised Practice Hours

After receiving your permit, the DMV requires:

  • 50 hours of supervised driving
    • At least 10 hours at night
    • With a parent, guardian, or licensed adult age 25 or older

Practice in varied conditions: city streets, highways, day/night, and different weather if possible.


Hold Permit for 6 Months

If you are under 18, you must:

  • Hold the instruction permit for at least 6 months before taking the driving test

If you turn 18 before completing the 6 months, this rule is waived, though ample practice is still strongly recommended.


Keep a Clean Record

During your permit period:

  • Avoid tickets and accidents
  • Violations can delay your progress or require remedial training

Always drive cautiously and follow your supervisor’s instructions.


Why This Matters

The combination of driver education, professional instruction, and supervised practice builds a strong foundation of driving skills. By the time you’re eligible for the driving test, you should feel confident in both handling the vehicle and understanding California traffic laws.


Example

Maria is 16 and got her permit in January after completing driver’s ed. She does 6 hours of driving lessons over the next month.

Her permit is then validated by the instructor, and she begins practicing with her dad on weekends.

By July, she has 55 hours total, including 12 at night.

Having held her permit for over 6 months and met all requirements, Maria schedules her driving test in early August, around her 17th birthday.

Check you have it

135 practice questions cover requirements and process, each explaining the reasoning behind its answer.

Practise this topic

Source: California Driver's Handbook (DL 600, rev. 6/2025). Edited by Fernando Aguilera. Aprobify is not affiliated with the California DMV.

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